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Creature 
Fast Facts

Introducing you to extinct species.

Stephens Island wren

THE STEPHENS ISLAND WREN/

LYALL'S WREN

1. The Stephens Island wren was also called Lyall’s wren after David Lyall, the lighthouse keeper who first discovered them. 2. They were live brown with a yellow streak running across their eyes. 3. Historically they inhabited New Zealand, but by the time Europeans arrived the Stephens Island wren only lived on Stephens Island. 4. The wrens were small, flightless song birds which were described by Lyall as, “almost nocturnal, running around the rocks like a mouse and so quick in its movements that he could not get near enough to hit it with a stick or stone." 5. The lighthouse was built on Stephens Island, located between the north & south islands of New Zealand, and began operations on January 29, 1894. 6. David Lyall moved to the island as the lighthouse keeper, bringing his cat Tibbles with him. Within one year Tibbles (and some accounts say other feral cats) decimated the entire population of Stephens Island wrens. 7. The Stephens Island wren went extinct sometime in the winter of 1895. 8. There are only 16 - 18 museum specimens in the world today. All collected by Tibbles the cat.

Extinction 
Cometh

Facing the light at the end of the tunnel

EXTINCTION DATE

March 7, 1895

 

The Stephens Island wren’s extinction story is a short one. It once lived on both islands in New Zealand until the arrival of the Maori people to the island. Although they were too small to be eaten by the people, the rats brought by the Maori people soon took a toll on the flightless wren population. This left one small island refuge, Stephens Island, a small 371 acre island between north and south New Zealand. Because of its location between the islands, it made an ideal place to put a lighthouse to ensure safe passage for ships. The lighthouse opened on January 29, 1894. David Lyall worked at the lighthouse and brought his cat, Tibbles, with him. The extinction of Lyall’s wren took less than a year, as Tibbles would bring the remains to Lyall (some accounts say there were other feral cats on the island at this time too). Lyall only ever saw 2 living Stephens Island wren scurrying away "like mice". By the time he sent away the specimens and got confirmation that he had indeed discovered a new species, the wrens went extinct. The last Tibbles victim was given to David Lyall on March 7, 1895, marking its extinction one year after being discovered. Could the Stephens Island wren live on Stephens Island today? Although Jurassic Park is fiction, scientists are working on several de-extinction projects. In fact, in 2003 scientists did bring back the extinct Pyrenean ibex, a type of wild goat, for 7 minutes before it died, showing de-extinction is possible. The Stephens Island wren could be a candidate, but scientists would only have 12 - 14 specimens that were killed by Tibbles the cat to get DNA from to use to try to bring them back to life. Cats were eliminated from Stephens Island to help the current sea birds nesting there. New Zealand has made many strides in restoring natural habitats, eliminating invasive species, and helping struggling species recover. If the Stephens Island wren was brought to life, could it ever be reintroduced to its native homeland on Stephens Island?

Lazarus
Tales

Short stories of return

COMING SOON

Although Stephen the Stephens Island wren did have a return story in my book Deader Than a Dodo, his presonal Lazarus Tale is yet to be written. Here is an excerpt of what Stephen had to say in my story, Deader Than a Dodo. The tiny voice, referred to earlier as Stephen spoke, not from his extinctional position after Captain Strong, but from somewhere above the giant moa spoke, “I am the Stephens Island Wren and as Eldey stated earlier my chosen name is Stephen. The Stephens Island wrens once flourished around the island known as Stephens island for a long time before the people came. Like many others here, our downfall was not being able to fly and living on a small island. The people built a lighthouse to keep their boats from running ashore. We were excited at first and very curious about the lighthouse which opened on January 29, 1894. David Lyall was the lighthouse keeper on the island and seemed nice enough, but he was lonely. He brought a cat which he called Tibbles to keep him company. Tibbles ran amuck, killing my kind indiscriminately. That is why I have a slight case of ailurophobia, which is a fancy word meaning I have a fear of cats. I mean no offense, but I agreed to join this mission as long as no cat species would be joining our quest.” Stephen explained. A few of the animals looked further down the line at the Tasmanian tiger, but she simply smirked. Before he could finish sharing I blurted out, “But why are you above Moana during our meeting tonight? I can’t even see you up there.” Many in the group scowled at my rude outburst. I swallowed hard, realizing I may have inadvertently offended a member of this extinction group. I saw a flash of movement up on Moana’s back and a scurrying brownish, yellow figure moving along the moa’s back. Moments later Stephen emerged from behind Moana’s massive leg and stood upon the giant moa’s toe. The wren was brown in color with golden splotches from head to stumpy tail. “The Tasmanian ‘tiger’,” Stephen said air quoting, “is more of a dog mixed with a kangaroo, so I don’t count her as a cat. I’m not scared of tiger lillies either in case you’re wondering…” Stephen joked, ignoring my rudeness. His wings blended in with his speckled body and could only be seen only when Stephen fluffed his feathers before continuing, “Being from the New Zealand area myself, I have a regional friendship with Moana. Plus I feel more comfortable having a big friend to keep me safe from any felines I might come across. I’m definitely still fearful, but Moana gives me the confidence to try to help out with this mission. It’s kind of a symbiotic relationship if you will. I help her communicate more clearly, and she ensures my safety. Although I trust Strong,” Stephen said looking over to the previously introduced Falkland Island wolf, “and Benjamin who you’ll meet soon, I still have trouble trusting predators, especially when we return to our homelands. Here in the Garden, we’re all vegetarians you know, but back there it’s not that way. Better safe than sorry when you’re so small. Don’t you think so?” Stephen said, smiling at me. “Now if you don’t mind, I’ll climb back up there,” the little bird stated, pointing his tiny beak up to the massive bird’s back, “Oh I almost forgot. My kind went extinct February 5, 1895, just one year after Tibbles arrived on Stephens Island.” Stephen disappeared and nestled into the thick fur-like feathers around Moana’s neck. Next in line was Martha, who I had met several times in the short time I had been here in the Garden.

More to Explore
All answers lead to more questions

Museum Display Image from Amusing Planet

Stephens Island Wren specimen at Carnegie Museum of Natural History in Pittsburgh

Image from Wikipedia

p10968ryp.jpg

A Gap in Nature Book
Image from Amazon

Stephens Island Lighthouse
Image from Wikipedia

Stephen's Island wren illustration
Image from A Gap in Nature

Stephens Island in the distance

Image from Wikipedia

Virginia Greene Illustration
Image from Amusing Planet

Lyall's Wren Painting by
John Gerrard Keulemans 

Image from Wikipedia

Part of a caricature series called
"100 Extinct Birds"
Image from Poor Dog Farms 

A single pet cat named Tibbles doomed the remaining Stephen's Island wrens
Image from Commonplace Fun Facts

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