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Creature 
Fast Facts

Introducing you to extinct species.

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THE SPOTTED

GREEN PIGEON

1. The spotted green pigeon, Caloenas maculata, is also called the “Liverpool pigeon” because the only specimen of it is kept at the World Museum in Liverpool, England. 2. In 1783, John Latham described the spotted green pigeon from two specimens. One of those specimens was later lost. 3. No one knows where these specimens were collected, though it is speculated that they were from an island in the Indian or South Pacific Oceans. 4. The only known specimen is 13 inches long, dark brown with a glossy green sheen. It has yellow tips on many of its feathers making it look like spots. 5. The neck feathers were elongated. Its bill is black with a yellow tip. There was no reported knob above the beak as depicted in the Joseph Smit painting made in 1898. The tip of its tail was a deep rust color. 6. It may have had red eyes, as that was what the first mount was given, but that fact is speculation. Because there is debate over how well it could fly, scientists also don’t know whether the spotted green pigeon stayed on the forest floor or in trees. 7. Though many mysteries still surround the “Liverpool pigeon” recent DNA testing has shown that the spotted green pigeon is a unique species. Its closest living relative is the Nicobar pigeon. It was also related to the dodo and Rodrigues solitaire. 8. The spotted green pigeon was put in the genus Caloenas, which also includes the extinct Kanaka pigeon of Tonga. 9. The cause and timing of its extinction, like everything else, is a mystery. Most scientists say it probably went extinct in the 1820’s.

Extinction 
Cometh

Facing the light at the end of the tunnel

EXTINCTION DATE

1820's

The spotted green pigeon’s history is a mystery. John Latham first described this unique pigeon from two specimens and a drawing he was given in 1783. One of those specimens was lost. The other is held at the World Museum in Liverpool, England. The “Liverpool Pigeon” is a mystery as nothing is known about its origin or original collection location. There have been many theories, but scientists think it was from an island in the South Pacific or Indian Ocean. Others speculate the spotted green pigeon was the “titi”, a bird known to native Tahitians. It was not even deemed its own species until genetic testing was completed in 2008. It showed that the spotted green pigeon was related to the endangered nicobar pigeon, extinct Rodrigues solitaire, and dodo. Like everything else, the extinction of this pigeon is all speculation. It is unknown whether the spotted green pigeon could fly, was flightless, or somewhere in between. It can be assumed that the introduction of invasive predators like cats and rats, along with habitat loss probably led to its extinction in the 1820’s. Although Jurassic Park is fiction, scientists are working on several de-extinction projects. In fact, in 2003 scientists did bring back the extinct Pyrenean ibex, a type of wild goat, for 7 minutes before it died, showing de-extinction is possible. The spotted green pigeon may be a candidate, since there is one specimen that has already been tested in Liverpool, England. If the spotted green pigeon was brought to life, could it ever be reintroduced since its homeland and habits are complete mysteries?

Lazarus
Tales

Short stories of return

COMING 
SOON

The spotted green pigeon's Lazarus Tale has yet to be written. Would it be able to thrive again if it did return?

More to Explore
All answers lead to more questions

Joseph Smit's illustration of the spotted green pigeon from 1898 incorrectly adds a knob on the bill.
Image from Wikipedia

John Latham's illustration from 1823 found in his book "A General History of Birds"
Image from Wikipedia

The only specimen of the spotted green pigeon is held in the World Museum in Liverpool, England
Image from Wikipedia

A replica of the Liverpool Pigeon on display with related species
Image from the Clore Natural History Center Instagram Page

 

Recent genetic testing indicates that the spotted green pigeon's closest living relative is the endangered Nicobar pigeon
Image from Wikipedia

The Rodrigues solitaire was another close relative of the spotted green pigeon
Image from Wikipedia

 'Edwards's Dodo' painted by Roelant Savery in 1626 shows the related dodo 
Image of from Wikipedia

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