Creature
Fast Facts
Introducing you to extinct species.
THE GALAPAGOS
AMARANTH
1. The Galapagos amaranth, Blutaparon rigidum, was a shrub found on Santiago Island in the Galapagos. 2. It is listed as Gomphrena rigida in some sources. 3. It was part of the Amaranthaceae family. 4. There are 23 plant species that are extinct or on the brink of extinction on the Galapagos Islands. 5. There are more than 70 known species of amaranth. 6. Many amaranth plants are used to harvest ancient grains. 7. Goats were brought to the Galapagos in the 1800’s by sailors and whalers and quickly devastated native vegetation and native species like the Galapagos tortoises had trouble competing for resources. 8. The Galapagos amaranth was last collected in 1908 marking its extinction. 9. Scientists are currently using seeds from specimens in New York and London to attempt to bring them back from extinction.
Extinction
Cometh
Facing the light at the end of the tunnel
EXTINCTION DATE
1908
The Galapagos amaranth was a shrub that grew on the eastern portion of Santiago Island in the Galapagos Islands. When goats were brought to the Galapagos Islands by sailors and whalers in the 1800’s they began taking over the islands. Their numbers skyrocketed from a few individuals to over 100,000 goats on Santiago Island alone. This invasion of goats overtook many native plants. The amaranth was a favorite food of goats, so the Galapagos amaranth population soon dwindled. The last Galapagos amaranth was collected in 1908. 60% of the native plants in the Galapagos are still listed as threatened. 20 taxa are labeled as critically endangered. Although Jurassic Park is fiction, scientists are working on several de-extinction projects. In fact, in 2003 scientists did bring back the extinct Pyrenean ibex, a type of wild goat, for 7 minutes before it died, showing de-extinction is possible. The Galapagos amaranth might be a good candidate for this. Scientists would potentially use the seeds from specimens collected in the early 1900’s to collect DNA. They could use this to create viable seeds which could be planted and possibly reintroduced to its native environment on Santiago Island. The Galapagos Islands have always been known for their amazing, tame wildlife. Efforts to eradicate invasive species like goats and pigs began in 1997 led by the Charles Darwin Foundation and the Galapagos National Park Directorate. Pinta Island, home of the world famous Lonesome George, was the first island to be focused on for goat elimination. By 2006, goats were gone from Pinta, Santiago, northern Isabela, and only a few remained on southern Isabela. Donkeys were eliminated on Santiago and Alcedo Volcano (the only places on the three islands they occurred). And pigs were gone from Santiago. As the invasive goats and other species were eliminated from each island, native plants showed signs of recovery. If the Galapagos amaranth was brought to life, could it ever be reintroduced to its native homeland in the Galapagos?
COMING
SOON
The Galapagos amaranth's Lazarus Tale has yet to be written. Would it be able to thrive again in the Galapagos if it did return?
More to Explore
All answers lead to more questions
VIDEOS & ADDITIONAL INFO
De-extinction of Plants - Yale Article
Red List Details for the Galapagos Amaranth
Charles Darwin Foundation - Protecting the Galapagos
Plant Conservation in the Galapagos
David Attenborough in Galapagos - Video
The Great Goat War in the Galapagos - Video
Project Isabela - Galapagos Efforts to Fight Invasive Species