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Creature 
Fast Facts

Introducing you to extinct species.

MOUNT MATAFAO DIFFERENT SNAIL

THE MOUNT MATAFAO

DIFFERENT SNAIL

 

1. The Mount Matafao different snail, Diastole matafaoi, was an air breathing land snail or semi-slug. 2. It was native to American Samoa. 3. It was a pulmonate, meaning it breathed through a pallial lung, not gills. 4. It was in the family Helicarionidae, which included air breathing land snails. 5. There are over 1,000 known species of semi-slugs, over 500 species of slugs, and over 4,000 species of snails. 6. A semi-slug was a shell too small to retract into. It’s “vestigial”, meaning it doesn’t serve its original purpose, like the appendix in humans. 7. The measurements and behaviors of the Mount Matafao different snails are unknown. 8. One report listed their extinction date as 1996, but nothing more.

Extinction 
Cometh

Facing the light at the end of the tunnel

EXTINCTION DATE

1996

 

According to the American Samoa Invasive Species Strategy and Action Plan of 2017, 5.8% of American Samoa’s 2,100 species have already gone extinct or are extinct in the wild. The Mount Mafa different snail is the only recently extinct animal from American Samoa. 45% of its species are currently at risk of extinction. The exact cause of the different snail’s extinction is unknown, but it probably declined due to habitat destruction, shell collection by people, and invasive species brought to the islands. People have been on the islands for about 3,000 years. Shell decorations have been part of the culture there. For instance the chandelier in a hotel on the island contains approximately 10,000 Tutila tree snail shells. Habitat destruction for development and agriculture also played a role. Snails do not have a large range or the ability to relocate like other species, so habitat fragmentation makes finding other snails more difficult. The introduction of rats also affected the Mount Matafao different snail population, but the most destructive invader was introduced was the rosy wolfsnail. The rosy wolfsnail was brought in to control the invasive giant African snails which were eating crops. The rosy wolfsnail is still an indiscriminate killer, targeting the giant African snail as well as the native snail species. Another major threat to native snails is the New Guinea flatworm, Platydemus manokwari, which is another indiscriminate predator that is targeting native snails. Scientists are looking for better ways to control the giant African snail population to protect crops, while avoiding the introduction of more destructive non-native species to do so. Although only listed on one resource, the last Mount Matafao different snail was seen in 1996. Although Jurassic Park is fiction, scientists are working on several de-extinction projects. In fact, in 2003 scientists did bring back the extinct Pyrenean ibex, a type of wild goat, for 7 minutes before it died, showing de-extinction is possible. The Mount Matafao different snail would probably not be a good candidate, unless an unknown specimen of it is found in a museum collection somewhere. Scientists, locals, and government officials are working to control the many invasive species in American Samoa, but 45% of its species still remain at risk for extinction. If the Mount Matafao different snail was returned to American Samoa would they be able to survive?

Lazarus
Tales

Short stories of return

COMING 
SOON

The Mount Matafao different snail's Lazarus Tale has yet to be written. Would it be able to thrive again in American Samoa if it did return?

More to Explore
All answers lead to more questions

A photo showing the side view of the Mount Matafao different snail taken by Rebecca J. Rundell
Image from ARKive

A photo showing the dorsal (top) view of the Mount Matafao different snail taken by Rebecca J. Rundell
Image from ARKive

A photo showing the ventral (bottom) view of the Mount Matafao different snail taken by Rebecca J. Rundell
Image from ARKive

A postcard shows a map of American Samoa and many quick facts about the island.
Image from Postcards Market

A field guide about land snails and slugs of American Samoa
Image from
Google Books

Two invasive species that have affected American Samoan species
Image from
Google Books

The names of various parts used to identify gastropods
Image from
Google Books

A comparison chart showing quick facts about snails & slugs
Image from Escargot World

A graphic showing the differences between slugs, snails, and semi-slugs
Image from Ketrina Draws a Lot

Florida and many other areas around the world are working to eradicate these giant invasive snails
Image from Escargot World

The giant African land snail is often kept as a pet, but is also one of the top 100 invasive species in the world
Image from Escargot World

A photo of a yellow-shelled semi-slug shows that the shell is under the skin making it different from a snail or slug
Image from Lucid Central

Data from a survey done on American Samoa
Image from Appendix 12 Country Profiles

Mount Matafao is the tallest peak in American Samoa at 2,142 feet
Image from Wikipedia

American Samoa topography map showing the location of Mount Matafao
Image from LinedIn

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