Creature
Fast Facts
Introducing you to extinct species.
THE MOUNT MATAFAO
DIFFERENT SNAIL
1. The Mount Matafao different snail, Diastole matafaoi, was an air breathing land snail or semi-slug. 2. It was native to American Samoa. 3. It was a pulmonate, meaning it breathed through a pallial lung, not gills. 4. It was in the family Helicarionidae, which included air breathing land snails. 5. There are over 1,000 known species of semi-slugs, over 500 species of slugs, and over 4,000 species of snails. 6. A semi-slug was a shell too small to retract into. It’s “vestigial”, meaning it doesn’t serve its original purpose, like the appendix in humans. 7. The measurements and behaviors of the Mount Matafao different snails are unknown. 8. One report listed their extinction date as 1996, but nothing more.
Extinction
Cometh
Facing the light at the end of the tunnel
EXTINCTION DATE
1996
According to the American Samoa Invasive Species Strategy and Action Plan of 2017, 5.8% of American Samoa’s 2,100 species have already gone extinct or are extinct in the wild. The Mount Mafa different snail is the only recently extinct animal from American Samoa. 45% of its species are currently at risk of extinction. The exact cause of the different snail’s extinction is unknown, but it probably declined due to habitat destruction, shell collection by people, and invasive species brought to the islands. People have been on the islands for about 3,000 years. Shell decorations have been part of the culture there. For instance the chandelier in a hotel on the island contains approximately 10,000 Tutila tree snail shells. Habitat destruction for development and agriculture also played a role. Snails do not have a large range or the ability to relocate like other species, so habitat fragmentation makes finding other snails more difficult. The introduction of rats also affected the Mount Matafao different snail population, but the most destructive invader was introduced was the rosy wolfsnail. The rosy wolfsnail was brought in to control the invasive giant African snails which were eating crops. The rosy wolfsnail is still an indiscriminate killer, targeting the giant African snail as well as the native snail species. Another major threat to native snails is the New Guinea flatworm, Platydemus manokwari, which is another indiscriminate predator that is targeting native snails. Scientists are looking for better ways to control the giant African snail population to protect crops, while avoiding the introduction of more destructive non-native species to do so. Although only listed on one resource, the last Mount Matafao different snail was seen in 1996. Although Jurassic Park is fiction, scientists are working on several de-extinction projects. In fact, in 2003 scientists did bring back the extinct Pyrenean ibex, a type of wild goat, for 7 minutes before it died, showing de-extinction is possible. The Mount Matafao different snail would probably not be a good candidate, unless an unknown specimen of it is found in a museum collection somewhere. Scientists, locals, and government officials are working to control the many invasive species in American Samoa, but 45% of its species still remain at risk for extinction. If the Mount Matafao different snail was returned to American Samoa would they be able to survive?
COMING
SOON
The Mount Matafao different snail's Lazarus Tale has yet to be written. Would it be able to thrive again in American Samoa if it did return?
More to Explore
All answers lead to more questions
VIDEOS & ADDITIONAL INFO
Facts about the Mount Matafao Different Snail
Samoan Land Snails & Slugs Identification Guide
Difference of Snails, Slugs, and Semi-Slugs Video
Coyote Peterson - Huge Black Slug - Video
PBS - How to Make Slug Slime - Video for Kids
Measuring the Sixth Extinction Report - p.34