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Creature 
Fast Facts

Introducing you to extinct species.

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THE ROBUST

BURROWING MAYFLY

 

1. The robust burrowing mayfly, Pentagenia robusta, only lived in the Ohio River in the states of Ohio, Kentucky, & Indiana. 2. It is part of the family Ephemeridae which includes over 150 species. 3. The robust burrowing Mayfly was once common throughout its home range. 4. Burrowing mayflies go through a larval stage. These nymphs have wide legs with spur-like projections called fossorial foretibia & mandibular tusks to help them burrow in silt in the bottom of rivers. 5. The nymphs are detritivores, meaning they eat decaying matter on the river bottom. 6. Although the exact lifestyle and habits of the robust burrowing mayfly are unknown, other mayfly species go through similar lifestyles. Most of life is spent in the nymph stage, but once the water temperature reaches 68 degrees Fahrenheit, mayflies create massive swarms. 7. For 1 - 2 days, usually in May, all adults mature at the same time. During this 24 - 48 hour event, adults find mates, breed, and lay their eggs before dying. 8. The presence of mayfly nymphs in water ecosystems shows the health of the environment, as these nymphs are very sensitive to water changes & pollution. 9. The robust burrowing mayfly was never seen after it was formally described in 1926, marking its probable extinction date.

Extinction 
Cometh

Facing the light at the end of the tunnel

EXTINCTION DATE

1926

The robust burrowing mayfly was once very abundant in the Ohio River. The biggest obstacles that this unique mayfly could not overcome was increased sediment in the waterways they called home, mostly from deforestation and farming along the rivers. The addition of dams and pollution added to the mayfly's fate. With the loss of native clams and mussels like the extinct tubercled blossom, which were natural filter feeders, the water quality diminished quickly in the early 1900’s. The nymphs of all burrowing mayfly species require clean water as they are very sensitive to changes in their environment. Not much is known about the habits or specific life cycle of the robust burrowing mayfly. It is unknown why this mayfly was last seen in 1926, but other similar species were able to survive. Although Jurassic Park is fiction, scientists are working on several de-extinction projects. In fact, in 2003 scientists did bring back the extinct Pyrenean ibex, a type of wild goat, for 7 minutes before it died, showing de-extinction is possible. The robust burrowing mayfly would probably not be a good candidate unless a specimen could be found in a museum or university. If the robust burrowing mayfly was brought to life, could it ever be reintroduced to its native homeland in the Ohio River? The environment these mayflies require is still a work in progress. While many laws have been passed to clean up the rivers, most freshwater mussels in North America are still endangered. Without filter feeders such as clams, oysters, and mussels, more human efforts are needed to create clean waterways that species like the robust burrowing mayfly could survive in once more.

Lazarus
Tales

Short stories of return

COMING 
SOON

The robust burrowing mayfly's Lazarus Tale has yet to be written. Would it be able to thrive again in Ohio in the United States if it did return?

More to Explore
All answers lead to more questions

An adult burrowing mayfly.  There are no images of the robust burrowing mayfly.
Image from iNaturalist

The life cycle of the mayfly
Image From www.animalfact.com

 

Fly fishing models many flies
after the mayfly
Image from Ascent Fly Fishing

Mayfly swarms are so massive in places like Ohio that they show up on the doppler radar.
Image from WTOL - News 11 Ohio

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