Creature
Fast Facts
Introducing you to extinct species.
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THE
SLENDER-BILLED CURLEW
1. The slender-billed curlew, Numenius tenuirostris, was once native to Eurasia and North Africa, though was sometimes found in Japan, Oman, the Azores, and even Canada. 2. This curlew was 16 inches long with a 35 inch wingspan. 3. It was a gray brown color on its back with white lower back. The belly had dark brown streaks with heart-shaped spots. More spots were present during the breeding season. 4. The exact breeding location of the slender-billed curlew was unknown, but it was theorized to be in the swamps of the Kazakh Steppe in Russia. 5. Females had a longer bill than the male. This minimized the sexes competing for the same type of invertebrates which were their main food source. 6. The white undersides of the outer primary feathers and gray feet helped identify the slender-billed curlew from other curlews or shorebirds. 7. Its scientific name, Numenius, has several possible origins; the Greek "noumenios" meaning new moon for its thin, crescent shaped beak or "numen" which means "nod" referring to the way the curlew leans forward and down. 8. It had two vocalizations, the first was a “cour-lee”. The second higher pitched alarm sound which was described as rapid, “cu-ee”. 9. The slender-billed curlew was comfortable dwelling with other species of shorebirds including other curlews. 10. The last confirmed sighting was in Morocco in 1925. 11. The slender-billed curlew was officially declared extinct in 2025.
Extinction
Cometh
Facing the light at the end of the tunnel
EXTINCTION DATE
1963
The slender-billed curlew once migrated throughout most of the northern hemisphere. Although it mostly stayed within Eurasia and Northern Africa, it was notoriously known for flying off course to distant lands. It was reported in Spain, Japan, and even Canada. The exact reason for its extinction isn’t known. One major theory is that part of its breeding grounds in Russia and elsewhere were converted to farmland, specifically wheatfields. In the process of creating farmland many of the swamplands where it was thought to breed were drained. Because the nesting grounds of the slender-billed curlew were never found, it's hard to know the exact cause of its extinction. There was added pressure from hunters who used the curlews as a food source. With increased hunting pressure and more scattered breeding sights, it is possible that the slender-billed curlew populations became fragmented over time. In the late 1980’s, it was reported in its wintering grounds in Merja Zerga, Morocco. During that time Morocco and Turkey were converting swampland into farmland, which sealed the curlew’s fate. The last documented sighting was in Morocco in 1995. In October of 2025, the slender-billed curlew was officially listed as extinct. Could the slender-billed curlew still be out there somewhere within its massive migratory range, hiding amongst other curlews? It is possible, as many unconfirmed sightings have been mentioned since 1995. Although Jurassic Park is fiction, scientists are working on several de-extinction projects. In fact, in 2003 scientists did bring back the extinct Pyrenean ibex, a type of wild goat, for 7 minutes before it died, showing de-extinction is possible. The slender-billed curlew would be a good candidate. Scientists would potentially use DNA from the specimens in museum collections. Since it was alive up until 1995, the genetic material could be used to bring back the slender-billed curlew. If the slender-billed curlew was ever brought back from extinction, would it be able to survive?
COMING
SOON
The slender-billed curlew's Lazarus tale has yet to be written, but what adventures will await it when it returns to its migration path throughout its historic range? Stay tuned to find out.
More to Explore
All answers lead to more questions


1902 Illustration of slender-billed curlew by Henrik Grønvold
Image from Wikipedia
1830 illustration from The Birds of Europe by Gould & Lear
Image from Wikipedia

Vieillot, 1817 - from the Naturalis Biodiversity Center
Image from Wikipedia

1902 Illustration by John Gerrard Keulemans of a group of curlews with the slender-billed curlew in the middle
Image from Wikipedia

Memorial artwork of the slender-billed curlew
Image from angelaknapp.co.uk

Photo of the last slender-billed curlew in Morocco by Chris Gomersall
Image from American Bird Conservancy

A photo by Don Bleitz from Galveston Island in 1962
Image from Wikipedia

16 Eskimo Curlew specimens
at the Smithsonian Institution
in Washington, D.C.
Image from Maryland
Biodiversity Project

Specimen in Laval University Library
Image from Wikipedia

Specimen from 1892 in Smithsonian Institute
Image from Maryland Biodiversity Project

John James Audubon Illustration of Eskimo curlew
Image from Wikipedia

The Eskimo Curlew Caricature
by Sam Georgieff
Image from Etsy

A migration map showing the yearly flight path of the Eskimo curlew
Image from Western Hemisphere Shorebird Reserve Network

The Eskimo Curlew by Charley Harper
Image from Etsy

Curlew Character
Image from Freepik

1 oz Silver Bar
Image from Numista

The Eskimo Curlew Statue in Galveston, Texas by Tim McGrain is part of "The Lost Birds Project"
Image from Galveston County Daily News

Hanna-Barbera's Emmy Nominated Children's Program
Image from The Movie Database

This book chronicles the last sightings of the Eskimo curlew through 1986
Image from Amazon

Eurasian curlew
Image from Birdorable

A long-billed curlew nest
Image from North Dakota Game and Fish



